2014年10月李克強總理在聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織的演講稿全文（中英文）
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來源： 李克強總理 2025-08-18
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依托家庭經(jīng)營推進農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化
Promote Agricultural Modernization Through Family Farming
——在聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織的演講
–Remarks at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
中華人民共和國國務(wù)院總理 李克強
H.E. Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
2014年10月15日，意大利羅馬
Rome, 15 October 2014
尊敬的格拉齊亞諾總干事，
女士們，先生們，朋友們：
Director-General José Graziano da Silva,
Ladies and Gentlemen,
Dear Friends,
很高興在金秋時節(jié)來到聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織總部，參加第34個世界糧食日系列活動。剛才，一進糧農(nóng)組織大樓，我就看到一層大廳墻壁上多種語言鐫刻的“Food for All”——人皆有食。這是糧農(nóng)組織的神圣使命，也是世界各國的共同目標(biāo)。長期以來，聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織與世界糧食計劃署、國際農(nóng)發(fā)基金，緊緊圍繞這一目標(biāo)，幫助成員國以多種形式發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)，為供養(yǎng)世界幾十億人口作出了十分突出的貢獻。在此，我謹(jǐn)代表中國政府和人民，對糧農(nóng)組織等機構(gòu)、在座的各位和你們的同事所作出的不懈努力表示高度贊賞，對所取得的卓越成就表示誠摯敬意！
It gives me great pleasure to be here at the headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in this golden autumn season to attend the event for the 34th World Food Day. Upon arriving at the FAO building minutes ago, I saw the multi-lingual inscription – Food for All – in the hall of the first floor. Food for all represents the noble mission of the FAO as well as the common goal of all countries. Over the years, the FAO, the World Food Program (WFP) and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), with a strong commitment to this goal, have helped the member states to develop agriculture in multiple forms, thus making outstanding contribution to feeding the billions of people in our world. Hereby, I wish to extend, on behalf of the Chinese government and people, great appreciation to the FAO and other institutions, and to all of you present and your colleagues for your unremitting efforts, and sincere respect for the remarkable achievements you have made.
今年世界糧食日的主題是“家庭農(nóng)業(yè)：供養(yǎng)世界，關(guān)愛地球”。我認(rèn)為這個主題既立足現(xiàn)實，又著眼長遠(yuǎn)，勾畫出了全球農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的美好愿景。依靠家庭農(nóng)業(yè)解決吃飯問題，也符合中國的實際。2000多年前中國的先哲說過，“民以食為天”，這也是長久以來中國人所奉行的理念。大家都知道，中國人口多、人均耕地少，讓十幾億人民吃飽飯，是我們最大的事情，也曾經(jīng)是最大的難題。我年輕時在中國農(nóng)村生活多年，親身經(jīng)歷過吃不飽飯的艱難歲月。吃一頓飽飯可能很快就會忘記，但饑餓留下的印象永生難忘。30多年前中國實行改革開放，就是從農(nóng)村改革開始的。我們通過改革實現(xiàn)了農(nóng)業(yè)大發(fā)展，糧食產(chǎn)量由3億多噸增加到6億多噸，成功解決了人民的溫飽問題。這里有一條最基本的經(jīng)驗，就是發(fā)展家庭農(nóng)業(yè)。
The theme of this year’s World Food Day is Family Farming: “Feeding the world, caring for the earth”. I think this theme is based on realities and focuses on the future as well, and it charts a bright future of global agricultural development. Ensuring adequate food supply for the people through family farming also suits China’s realities. Over 2,000 years ago, China’s philosophers said, food is the first necessity of the people, and this is also what the Chinese have always believed in. As is known to all, China has a huge population but low per-capita arable land availability. To feed the over one billion Chinese people is our top priority and was once the biggest challenge we had to face. When I was young, I lived in China’s rural areas for some years, and personally experienced the hard time of not having enough food. A big meal that I had might be easily forgotten, but the feeling of hunger left me a lifelong impression. In fact, China’s reform and opening-up that began over 30 years ago was launched from rural areas. Since then, we have been able to achieve great agricultural development through reform and China’s grain output has increased from over 300 million tons to over 600 million tons, successfully resolving the subsistence issue of the people. And a piece of most fundamental experience we got was to develop family farming.
上世紀(jì)80年代初的農(nóng)村改革，最主要的就是推行家庭承包經(jīng)營制度。這項改革，把農(nóng)戶確立為農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)營的主體，賦予農(nóng)民長期而有保障的土地使用權(quán)和經(jīng)營自主權(quán)，幾億農(nóng)民的生產(chǎn)積極性迅速調(diào)動起來，每個人的力量都得到充分發(fā)揮，短短幾年農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)就邁上一個大臺階。在此基礎(chǔ)上，幾億人擺脫了貧困，并提前達到聯(lián)合國千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)。近十年，中國糧食連續(xù)增產(chǎn)，今年又豐收在望。這些成績的取得，家庭農(nóng)業(yè)功不可沒。
In rural reforms that started in the early 1980s, the most important part was to promote the household contract system. Through this reform, rural households became the mainstay of farming and farmers were given long-term and guaranteed land use right and operational independence, thus rapidly unleashing the enthusiasm of hundreds of millions of farmers for production and giving scope to the capabilities of individual farmers. As a result, agricultural production made huge headway in just a few years. Building on that, hundreds of millions of people have been lifted out of poverty and the UN Millennium Development Goals have been reached ahead of schedule. In the recent decade, China has enjoyed continuous increase in grain output, with yet another bumper harvest to be expected this year. Without family farming, these achievements would not have been possible.
30多年來，中國家庭農(nóng)業(yè)能夠不斷煥發(fā)出新的活力，也與科技、政策等創(chuàng)新密不可分。我們建立了一整套農(nóng)業(yè)科技推廣體系，大面積推廣優(yōu)良品種、農(nóng)業(yè)機械，推廣設(shè)施農(nóng)業(yè)。僅雜交水稻一項，每年就帶來數(shù)千萬噸的增產(chǎn)。我們大力鼓勵農(nóng)民合作社、專業(yè)農(nóng)戶、企業(yè)公司以及政府服務(wù)組織等，為農(nóng)民提供農(nóng)業(yè)機械作業(yè)、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品加工流通等服務(wù)。每年都有數(shù)十萬臺農(nóng)業(yè)機械像候鳥一樣，在中國大地上往返遷徙。當(dāng)小麥成熟的時候，大批聯(lián)合收割機一路由南往北，追趕著季節(jié)，為農(nóng)民提供小麥?zhǔn)崭罘⻊?wù)，既解決了農(nóng)民家庭機械作業(yè)的難題，也提高了農(nóng)業(yè)機械的使用效率。中國政府還不斷增加農(nóng)業(yè)投入，支持建設(shè)農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、改善生產(chǎn)條件，農(nóng)田有效灌溉率已提高到50%以上，農(nóng)業(yè)抗災(zāi)能力不斷增強。
We also owe the constant new vigor in China’s family farming over the past 30-plus years to innovation in science, technology and relevant policies. We have established a whole system for disseminating agricultural science and technology and extensively promoted quality varieties, agricultural machinery as well as controlled-environment agriculture. Hybrid rice alone has increased annual output by tens of millions of tons in China. We greatly encourage farmers’ cooperatives, specialized farming households, businesses and government service organizations to provide farmers with services in terms of agricultural machinery and the processing and distribution of agricultural produce. Every year, hundreds of thousands of agricultural machines are taken to different parts of China to serve agricultural seasons, like birds that migrate back and forth with the seasons. When wheat ripens, an army of combined harvesters would advance from the south to the north of China, helping farmers with wheat harvesting. This not only provides much-needed agricultural machinery to rural households, but also helps raise efficiency in the use of farming machines. The Chinese government is still increasing input in agriculture to support agricultural infrastructure and improve production conditions. For instance, the effective irrigation rate of farmland in China has been raised to over 50% and China’s agriculture is now more resilient to disasters.
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